This article reviews experimental results from studies of the magnetoelectric effect in composites with various connectivity types. A wide range of studied magnetoelectric composites is presented, both in terms of shape, from macro- to nanostructures, and in terms of material composition. The objective of this review and further research in this area is to establish the complex dependence of the magnetoelectric effect magnitude on the connectivity type. In addition to using the review data on magnetoelectric structures with 0–3 and 3–0; 1–1, 2–1, and 3–1 connectivity types, analytical calculations and modeling of the magnetoelectric coefficients for these structures in the Comsol Multiphysics software will be required. The combination of the obtained results will allow us to find the dependence of the magnetoelectric interaction magnitude in composites on the material parameters and their connectivity type.

The article discusses the construction of hyperspectral systems based on the Fabry-Perot interferometer using a black-and-white matrix sensor that registers image signals during scanning of a given spectral range. Image generation methods based on preliminary scanning of a given range of the spectrum, storing the resulting images and subtracting these images from the images obtained during the current scan are described. The gain is estimated, which consists in expanding the range of spectral scanning in single-mode mode. The scanning parameters for several variants of the compensation process using different interference orders are considered in detail, and the results of their computer simulation are discussed, as well as recommendations for their application. The article discusses in detail the parameters of scanning the spectral range. The corresponding formulas, tables, and illustrations are provided, showing the sequence of image acquisition to compensate for additional modes that appear during the scanning process.

Within the framework of the theory of dynamic interaction of defects (DID), an analysis of plastic deformation of irradiated metals and alloys under the high-energy impacts is performed. An analytical expression for the dependence of the dynamic yield strength on the concentration of prismatic dislocation loops and point defects is obtained. The dependence of the dynamic yield strength on the concentration of point defects is nonmonotonic and has a minimum. The position of the minimum is due to the competition between the dynamic drag forces of dislocations caused by different types of structural defects.

The article presents an analysis of domestic multirotor-type unmanned aerial vehicles used as communication relays. The advantages and disadvantages of each solution are described. The purpose of our work is to explore the rapid deployment of a communication system in a designated area by developing an algorithm for the takeoff and deployment of a UAV swarm. Both manual and automatic modes of quadcopter control are considered. We not only described the sensors used in automatic quadcopter control, bit also examined UAV swarm technology, which makes it possible to provide communication coverage over large areas. The developed algorithm for the takeoff and deployment of a UAV swarm will be applied for the rapid organization of communications in regions of the country where electronic warfare systems are absent. The use of quadcopters as communication relays enables the swift deployment of communication systems in situations where installing relay equipment on fixed supports is impossible due to difficult terrain or unjustified from an economic standpoint. The results of software simulation developed for the deployment of ground base stations, which will be adapted for UAV deployment, are presented.

The intensity of the signals reflected from the sea surface depends on the sea state, collection geometry, wind speed, direction, and radar frequency. The main parameter determining the intensity of reflection is the sea normalized radar reflectivity. The article discusses various models mean backscatter models at low grazing angles, under different observation conditions, and shows the limits of their applicability. The accuracy of the experimental data is analyzed. Based on the calculations, the author presented a fairly transparent methodology for assessing the compliance of the results of using models with the empirical data obtained.

Under strictly controlled thermostatting conditions, a detailed analysis was carried out to examine the influence of temperature on the specific heat capacity, as well as to assess the transformations of key thermodynamic functions of the A6 aluminum alloy alloyed with iron. The experiments were performed over a wide temperature range from 300 to 800 K. It was shown that heating the sample within these limits results in a regular increase in such characteristics as heat capacity, enthalpy, and entropy of the investigated material. At the same time, a systematic decrease in Gibbs free energy was observed, which is clear evidence of a reduction in the amount of free energy in the system. It was further established that an increase in the concentration of iron in the chemical composition of the aluminum alloy initiates the development of the opposite effect. In this case, an inverse dependence was recorded: as the mass fraction of iron increases, the specific heat capacity, enthalpy, and entropy of the samples begin to decrease.

In this article we discuss the development of a data analysis method for a gas analyzer based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS), designed for high-precision measurement of moisture in natural gas. The problem of accurately monitoring water vapor content in the gas industry is driven by the risks of corrosion, hydrate formation, and equipment failures, especially under changing thermodynamic conditions. Among existing moisture measurement methods, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy stands out for its high sensitivity, stability, and minimal dependence on pressure and temperature. The article provides a detailed description of the structural diagram of the analyzer based on TDLAS, which includes both hardware and software components. The hardware part covers the laser module, analytical, reference, and baseline channels, as well as pressure and temperature sensors. The software block includes algorithms for spectral segment extraction, logarithmization, normalization, and comparison with the HITRAN database. Special attention is given to methods of correcting spectral interferences caused by impurities such as methane and carbon dioxide. The proposed method eliminates the need for direct contact of sensitive elements with the gas mixture, reducing operational costs and ensuring stable and accurate system performance even at low moisture concentrations.

The article presents a conceptual approach to building a unified radar field based on a cognitive architecture integrating artificial intelligence technologies. The necessity of transitioning from traditional airspace control systems to a cognitive system capable of learning, adaptation, and prediction is substantiated. A key element is the parallel implementation of an artificial intelligence cluster that enables real-time data processing without interfering with the existing control loops of the situation center. The AI module functions as an intelligent extension, reducing the cognitive load on operators and enhancing the resilience of the airspace control system to modern threats, including mass unmanned aerial vehicle attacks and electronic interference. The approach emphasizes the possibility of evolutionary implementation without interrupting the operation of existing systems, as well as compatibility with a multisensory infrastructure. The proposed solution forms the foundation for a sustainable, scalable, and intelligent next-generation airspace security system.

The electrochemical and corrosion characteristics of silicon-modified aluminum alloy were investigated in a NaCl environment using a potentiostatic method in a potentiodynamic regime. The rate of potential change during the sweep was 2 mV/s. The obtained dependences of the free corrosion potential on time for the initial aluminum and silicon-containing alloys demonstrate its shift towards more positive values, which indicates an increase in the material's resistance to corrosion. It has been established that an increase in the silicon content in the alloy leads to a positive shift in the potentials of free corrosion, repassivation, and the onset of pitting failure. At the same time, an increase in the concentration of chloride ions in the NaCl solution causes the opposite effect – the electrochemical potential of aluminum alloys with silicon shifts to the negative region. This is accompanied by an increase in the rate of corrosion processes, regardless of the alloy composition, which confirms the aggressive effect of chlorides on aluminum materials. The addition of silicon in various concentrations increases the corrosion resistance of A6 grade aluminum alloy, providing an improvement of 8-10% compared to the starting material.

Of scientific interest are the physicochemical characteristics of zinc complexes, which are essential for maintaining biological activity and have a great potential for use in medicine and biotechnology due to their unique properties. Using the Hartree–Fock method and DFT/B3LYP/6-31G(p,d) with solvent polarization accounted for via the polarizable continuum model, the structures of zinc (II) lysinate and methionate were modeled. The calculated infrared spectra were compared with experimental data to refine the geometries, and structural models of the compounds were proposed. Data on the coordination of Zn (II) with amino acids are important for the study of little-explored complexes. The results are applicable to the development of antimicrobial and antitumor drugs.

The article is devoted to the study of the magnetoelectric effect in magnetostrictive–piezoelectric layered structures intended for use in energy harvesting devices. Investigations of the magnetoelectric coefficient were carried out for different compositions of the Metglas/PZT magnetoelectric element. The composition with the maximum magnetoelectric coefficient was identified. In the AMAG492/PZT-19 structure with dimensions of 30×10×0.5 mm at a frequency of about 52 kHz with three Metglas layers, the magnetoelectric coefficient reached approximately 19 V/(cm·Oe). The dependence of the magnetoelectric effect on bias magnetic fields up to 400 Oe was studied. It was revealed that in the AMAG202/PZT-19 element, the maximum response shifts from a bias magnetic field of 9 Oe for one Metglas layer to 12 Oe for two layers, and to 28 Oe for three layers. The results of the conducted research will be further used for the development and optimization of energy harvesting devices based on multiferroic materials.

In this paper we study a wire antenna of arbitrary configuration. An impedance boundary condition is applied on the surface of the antenna. This condition relates the tangential components of the electric and magnetic fields. The use of the boundary condition and the representation of the electric field through the Green’s function lead to a two-dimensional integral equation for the surface current density. A direct numerical solution of the integral equation is problematic, since the kernel of the equation becomes singular when the observation point coincides with the source point. Therefore, the singularity is isolated in the kernel, and the equation is transformed into a form that allows for efficient numerical solution on a computer. The operator describing the integral equation is investigated. Appropriate functional spaces are chosen, and it is shown that the operator can be represented as the sum of an invertible operator and a compact operator. Therefore, the integral equation corresponds to a well-set problem in the respective spaces.