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The development of radiophysical research systems, for example, in the field of radio astronomy, requires significant technical resources, including the computing power of processors used in equipment for processing the spectra of the studied signals. The use of electronic computing machines to solve this problem, in turn, forces us to consider their energy and computing capacities. Energy harvesting devices used for local power supply of radiophysical systems have capacity limitations, which imposes limitations on computing power. Accordingly, studying the parameters of the central processor, including performance, is a relevant task. This article analyzes the processor speed based on various characteristics, such as clock speed, number of cores, cache memory and others. The possibilities for determining the optimal parameters to achieve maximum processor performance when performing various tasks are shown. A method of comparative analysis of processors from different manufacturers and models using specialized software is proposed. The results obtained in the work will further allow us to determine the most effective approaches to improve the performance of computer systems.

The article presents an experimental study of the magnetoelectric effect in three composite structures, where a CTS-19 plate was used as the piezoelectric phase, and a plate of amorphous soft magnetic alloy AMAG-225, 4 AMAG-225 fibers and 5 AMAG-225 fibers were used as the magnetostrictive phase. The graphs of the dependence of the output voltage on the frequency and the magnetoelectric coefficient on the frequency for the manufactured composites are given. In the structure using a magnetostrictive plate, the magnetoelectric coefficient was 12,99 V/(cm⸱Oe), with the use of 4 magnetostrictive fibers – 5,41 V/(cm⸱Oe), with the use of 5 magnetostrictive fibers – 20,36 V/(cm⸱Oe). It was found that with the use of a larger number of AMAG-225 fibers, an increase in the magnetoelectric effect is observed compared to the structures where 4 fibers or an AMAG-225 plate are used.

The motion of an edge dislocation ensemble in an irradiated metal under high strain rate deformation is theoretically analyzed. Within the framework of the theory of dynamic interaction of defects (DID) an analytical expression for the dependence of the dynamic yield stress on the dislocation density is obtained. The conditions for violation of the Taylor relation under high strain rate deformation of irradiated metal are determined. The resulting dependence on the dislocation density is nonmonotonic and has a minimum. The minimum of this dependence is due to the competition between the influence of structural defects of various types on the moving dislocation ensemble. It occurs during the transition from the dominance of drag by dislocation loops to the dominance of drag by immobile dislocations.

This article discusses an approach to the construction of inertial orientation and navigation systems using structural redundancy. The structural redundancy of the inertial module is achieved by installing an excessive number of primary information sensors the sensitivity axes of which are non-orthogonal to each other. This approach to building an orientation and navigation system increases its reliability, accuracy and fault tolerance. An example of a technical solution for a small-sized inertial orientation and navigation system with structural redundancy based on a MEMS accelerometer, a MEMS gyroscope and a magnetometer for aviation applications is given. A mathematical model and algorithm for processing the output signals of an orientation and navigation system with structural redundancy are presented. The evaluation of the comparison of the accuracy of orientation and navigation systems with and without structural redundancy was performed.

The article discusses the issues of eliminating the geometric noise of infrared matrix sensors, which is still an urgent task related to the need to detect low-contrast objects in the video surveillance field against the background of fluctuating noise and deterministic interference. The compensatory method of combating geometric noise is considered in detail, in particular, the so-called two-point correction based on the preliminary factory calibration of the matrix sensor at a fixed exposure time. Changing the exposure time of the matrix sensor in the process of informative illumination in relation to the exposure time used at the calibration stage leads to a compensation error, which manifests itself in the form of fine-grained noise in the image. In this regard, the methods of geometric noise compensation, taking into account possible changes in the exposure time of the matrix sensor during informative illumination, considered in the article, are of practical interest to developers of this class of equipment. The article discusses in sufficient detail the features of accounting for exposure time from the point of view of the influence of additive (caused by uneven thermal emission in the elements of the matrix sensor) and multiplicative (caused by uneven sensitivity of the elements of the matrix sensor) components of geometric noise, and the results of computer modeling are presented, recommendations for use are given.

The article discusses methods for improving the quality of communication in information interaction between devices through the RS-232 data transmission interface by adding HDL logic using the System Verilog hardware description language. The serial interface itself is described in detail, including its operating principle, data packet structure, connection methods with pinout assignments, and an example of message transmission using the specified interface in graphical representation. The results of testing the modified receiver version in the ModelSim environment are presented, using a multiple sampling method to capture data from the transmission line and check for false signals indicating the start of packet transmission, since transmission in the RS-232 interface is performed without synchronized clocking. Experimentally, the optimal time interval for capturing data during signal level establishment was identified. The article also details the modifications made to the receiver and transmitter modules by adding a reset variable that acts as a cycle counter for the receive/send message operation. Additionally, it explains why a transmission speed of 115200 bits per second is popular among industrial and laboratory equipment. The method for obtaining the divider value to set a specialized data transmission speed via the serial interface is described, along with the configuration of the UART chip using configuration registers.

This article discusses the topic of the optimal choice of a microcontroller for your project. The use of modern materials in electronic devices designed for radiophysical measurements is a trend aimed at improving research. Magnetoelectric materials that are used to study electromagnetic and magnetic fields, to produce energy harvesting devices, to create radio measuring devices and neuromorphic computers can be an example of this. In turn, the development of such radiophysical devices for radio astronomy, quantum and statistical radiophysics, spectroscopy, as well as micro- and nanoelectronics is impossible without using modern microcontrollers. An overview and comparative analysis of various microcontrollers, including their architecture, peripherals, development environment and application areas, is presented. Various families of microcontrollers such as MCS-51, AVR, PIC, STM, ESP32 are considered and their characteristics and advantages are analyzed. This article will be useful for developers of electronic devices, students of radiophysics specialties and anyone interested in modern microcontrollers and their application in various fields.

Structural models of magnesium compounds with valine and glycine have been constructed. MP2 and DFT (B3LYP functional) methods in the 6-31G(d) basis were used for the construction. The frequencies of normal oscillations in the IR spectrum of the models have been calculated. Comparison of the calculated IR spectra with each other and with the spectra of the synthesised compounds is shown. Conclusions about the structure of the compounds are drawn. The obtained data on coordination of magnesium compounds with amino acids can help to establish the structure of their complexes.

A relativistic dynamic theory of a system of interacting atoms is constructed based on the concept of an auxiliary field. Variational formulation of problems of relativistic molecular dynamics. An exact closed relativistic system of equations is obtained that describes the evolution of the system of atoms and the auxiliary field. An analysis of the qualitative properties of solutions to the system dynamics equations has been carried out.

Abstract The relationship between the kinetics of deformation and internal stresses of samples of single- phase nickel alloys X30N60M9 and X23N65M13, formed during tensile deformation, has been studied. It has been established that one of the indicators that determines and characterizes the structural state is the indicator of the strain hardening coefficient – θ (θ=dσ/dɛ). Using photometric methods, the structural state of the samples was assessed. It was determined by theory and confirmed by experiment that the structural state of the X30N60M9 alloy sample is more stable, for identical test conditions.

The article presents a review of the external electric field effect on the magnetic resonance spectrum in layered ferrite-piezoelectric structures. It is shown that in symmetric structures, an electrically induced shift of the magnetic resonance line is observed without line broadening. In antisymmetric structures, an inhomogeneous line broadening takes place, while a line shift is not observed. In the general case, a shift of the resonance line and its broadening are observed. For the different layered structures, the optimum component thickness ratios are determined to obtain the maximal values of the resonance line shift and broadening. The magnetoelectric (ME) effect in the magnetoacoustic resonance region is also considered. In this case, the use of a piezoelectric bimorph layer makes it possible to observe a giant ME effect at overlaying the magnetic resonance frequency and electromechanical resonance higher modes frequencies.

The structure and mechanical properties of a bimetallic joint obtained by electric arc surfacing of high-alloy stainless steel onto carbon steel were investigated. Metallographic studies and microhardness measurements have shown that a decarburized layer is formed on the carbon steel side, a high-strength white martensitic area on the stainless-steel side, and a layer with a large proportion of the carbide component is observed directly at the fusion boundary. Subsequent heating to 950°C with a holding time of 1 hour leads to an improvement in the stress-strain state of the deposited metal, but an increase in microhardness is observed in the martensitic region near the fusion boundary. To obtain optimal characteristics, it is necessary to reduce the annealing temperature and increase its duration.

Cooled infrared detectors are often subject to Narcissus effect. Article describes an algorithmic approach to its correction for an optical system with variable focus length for different focusing distances. It is based on interpolating of a small number of base correcting frames. Procedures of interpolation for the case of changing only focus length or only focusing distance are described. Procedure for the case of changing the both parameters simultaneously is also presented. Requirements for base set of correcting frames are described. An example of algorithm application is also presented.

2-adic complexity, along with linear complexity, are important characteristics of pseudorandom sequences that are significant for their practical applications. To assess the unpredictability of binary sequences, symmetric 2-adic complexity is preferred, which is defined as the lesser of the 2-adic complexity of the sequence and the 2-adic complexity of the sequence written in reverse order. The article studies the symmetric 2-adic complexity of alternating binary sequences with high linear complexity and good autocorrelation properties. To determine the sequences under consideration, cyclic shifts of Legendre sequences and their complements are used. It is shown that for these sequences the symmetric 2-adic complexity is close to the maximum possible and is sufficient to repel attacks using the rational approximation algorithm. The research method is based on the analysis of the relationship between the periodic autocorrelation function of a sequence, the values of which are known, and the generating polynomial of the sequence, inverse to the desired one.

The inverse problems of antenna theory have been studied, in which surface currents are determined according to a given radiation pattern. The determination of axial and azimuthal currents is based on the solution of operator equations with small parameters.

To determine azimuthal currents, an integral operator with a logarithmic feature in the core is used, which acts as the main operator. And a hypersingular integro-differential operator is used to determine axial currents. The use of these operators makes it possible to determine surface currents with the desired behavior at the boundary. The density of axial currents when approaching the boundary vanishes according to the root law, and the density of azimuthal currents tends to infinity.

The main operators of equations with a small parameter are continuous and continuously invertible in Sobolev spaces. Therefore, operator equations with a small parameter are equivalent to Fredholm equations of the second kind. An example of numerical calculation is considered.