Early preeclampsia: features of clinical presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and maternal–neonatal outcomes

The aim of the research is to study the features of manifestation and outcomes of childbirth in early development of preeclampsia in singleton pregnancies. The retrospective analysis included 150 pregnant women diagnosed with early preeclampsia manifested at 34 weeks + 0 days for the period 2017–2019. The average age of pregnant women was 31 years (26–35) (Me, Q₁–Q₃), of which 81 (53,64%) were repeat births. The median gestation period at which clinical manifestations occurred was 31,4 weeks. The most common primary clinical symptom was edema 142 (94,7%). At the time of the manifestation, 122 (81,3%) moderate and 28 (18,67%) severe early preeclampsia were detected. Of 123 observations, moderate early preeclampsia in 31 (20,67%) cases progressed to severe. Thus, in 39,33% of cases, the early preeclampsia reaches a severe degree. The majority of patients required an early 32,4 weeks (30,4–34,0) surgical delivery. Nosologies based on endothelial dysfunction were common: 30 (19,9%) chronic arterial hypertension and 19 (12,6%) type 2 diabetes mellitus cases. The frequency of premature detachment of the normally located placenta was 10 (6,67%) cases. The average hospital stay for children was 33 (23–48) days. A high frequency of adverse outcomes for newborns with early preeclampsia was revealed. 7 children died antenatally (46,7%), of which 4 were associated with premature detachment of the normally located placenta, 2 children died on 55 and 93 days of life.

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