Morphological changes in the periodontium of rats with experimental periodontitis and chronic pain syndrome

Despite the achieved success in the prevention and treatment of periodontitis, it remains one of the main problems of modern dentistry. The interest of researchers in the study of the mechanisms of chronic pain syndromes development and their influence on the course of various forms of pathology has grown significantly in recent years. It is of interest to study the effect of chronic pain on the periodontitis development due to its high prevalence in society. Chronic pain syndrome was modeled by bilateral ligation of the sciatic nerves, and experimental periodontitis — according to the method proposed by Volozhin A.I. and Vinogradova S.I (1990). The animals were removed from the experiment on the 7th, 14th, and 21st days after modeling experimental periodontitis. It has been shown that the modeling of periodontitis is accompanied by the development of edema of all layers of the periodontium, the presence of inflammatory infiltrates, dystrophic changes in epithelial cells, vascular sclerosis, gradual development of newly formed connective tissue over 7-21 days of the experiment. The following peculiarities of the experimental periodontitis development in rats with preliminary formed chronic pain syndrome were established compared to the experimental periodontitis group: edema, dystrophic changes in cells were more pronounced, the relative volume of inflammatory infiltrates was significantly higher, and the relative volume of newly formed connective tissue was lower. The results of the study allow us to conclude that there is an increase in infiltrative processes and inhibition of regeneration in the periodontium in animals with experimental periodontitis and chronic pain syndrome.

1. Fayaz A., Croft P., Langford R.M., Donaldson L.J., Jones G.T. Prevalence of chronic pain in the UK: a systematic review and meta-analysis of population studies. British Medical Journal, 2016, vol. 20, no. 6(6), art. e010364. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010364

2. Parfenov V.A., Yahno N.N., Kukushkin M.L., Churyukanov M.V., Davydov O.C., Golovacheva V.A., Isaikin A.I., Evzikov G.Y., Karateev A.E., Habirov F.A., Shirokov V.A. Ost-raya nespetsificheskaya (skeletno-myshechnaya) poyasnich-naya bol'. Rekomendatsii Rossiyskogo obshchestva po izucheniyu boli (ROIB) [Acute nonspecific (skeletal-muscular) lumbar pain. Recommendations of Russian society for pain study (RSPS)]. Nevrologiya, neyropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika — Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics, 2018, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 411. doi: 10.14412/2074-2711-2018-2-4-11

3. Kuhner R., Flor H. Structural plasticity and reorganization in chronic pain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2017, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 20–30. doi: 10.1038/nrn.2016.162

4. Alukhanyan L.O., Abushkevich V.G., Polishchuk S.V., Serobyan A.O., Zabolotskikh N.V. Vliyaniye bolevogo sindroma pri periodontite na adaptivnyye vozmozhnosti organizma cheloveka [Influence of pain syndrome following periodontitis on the human body adaptive capacity]. Rossiyskiy zhurnal boli — Russian Journal of Pain, 2021, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 5–9. doi: 10.17116/pain2021190415

5. Nagornev S.N., Ryabtsun O.I., Frolkov V.K., Budnyak M.A., Gurevich K.G., Puzyreva G.A. Ka-chestvo zhizni patsiyentov s khronicheskim generalizo-vannym parodontitom pri kursovom primenenii ozona v sochetanii s transkranial'noy magnitoterapiyey [Quality of the life of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis in course administration of ozone in the combination with magnetotherapy]. Kurskiy nauchnoprakticheskiy vestnik “Chelovek I ego zdorovie” — Kursk scientific and practical bulletin "Man and his health", 2018, no. 4, pp. 13–19. doi: 10.21626/vestnik/2018-4/02

6. Iordanishvili A.K., Bel’skih O.A., Muzykin M.I., Chernysch V.F., Tischkov D.S. Zabolevaniya parodonta i slizistoy obolochki po-losti rta u vzroslykh pri khronicheskoy bolezni pochek [Diseases of periodontium and mucosal layer of throat cavity in adults in chronic disease of kidneys]. Parodontologiya — Periodontology, 2015, vol. 20, no 4(77), pp. 40–44.

7. Leontyev V.K., Faustov L.A., Galenko-Yaroshevsky P.A., Popkov V.L. Khronicheskiy generalizovannyy parodon-tit: klinicheskaya i eksperimental'naya farmakoterapiya metabolicheskimi korrektorami [Chronic generalized periodontitis: clinical and experimental pharmacotherapy by metabolic correctors]. Krasnodar, Prosvesheniye-Yug Publ., 2012. 403 p.

8. Kotieva I.M., Frantsiyants E.M., Kaplieva I.V., Bandovkina V.A., Kozlova L.S., Trepitaki L.K., Pogorelova Yu.A., Cheryarina N.D. Vliyaniye khronicheskoy boli na nekotoryye metaboli-cheskiye protsessy v kozhe samok myshey [Influence of chronic pain on some metabolic processes in the skin of female mice]. Rossiyskiy zhurnal boli — Russian Journal of Pain, 2018, no. 4(58), pp. 46–54. doi: 10.25731/RASP.2018.04.027

9. Leontyev V.K., Tseluyko K.V., Zadorozhny A.V., Popkov V.L., Galenko-Yaroshevsky P.A. Vliyaniye sochetaniya nanoserebra i novoy in"yektsion-noy formy reksoda na sostoyaniye tkaney parodonta pri eksperimental'nom parodontite u krys [The effect of combining nanosilver and new injection form of rexod on the periodontal tissue state in experimental periodontitis in rats]. Stomatologiya dlya vseh — Dentistry for All, 2020, no. 2, pp. 12–16. doi: 10.35556/idr-2020-2(91)12-16

10. Marklund N., Peltonen M., Nilsson T.K., Olsson T. Low and high circulating cortisol levels predict mortality and cognitive dysfunction early after stroke. Journal of Internal Medicine, 2004, vol. 256, no. 1, pp. 15–21. doi:10.1111/j.13652796.2004.01334.x

11. Kutepov I.V., Lyashev Yu.D., Artyushova E.B., Liashev A.Yu. Vli-yaniye sinteticheskikh analogov indolitsidina na mor-fologicheskiye izmeneniya pri ostrom parodontite [Influence of synthetic analogues of indolicidin on morphological changes in acute periodontitis]. Vestnik NovGU, 2019, vol. 113, no. 1, pp. 10–13. doi: 10.34680/2076-8052.2019.1(113).10-13

12. Kit O.I., Frantsiyants E.M., Kotieva I.M., Kaplieva I.V., Trepitaki L.K., Bandovkina V.A., Rozenko L.Ya., Cheryarina N.D., Pogorelova Yu.A. Vliya-niye khronicheskoy boli na dinamiku nekotorykh rostovykh faktorov v intaktnoy i patologicheski izmenen-noy kozhe samok myshey s melanomoy V16/F10 [Effect of chronic pain on dynamics of some growth factors in intact and pathologically changed skin of female mice with B16 melanoma]. Rossiyskiy zhurnal boli — Russian Journal of Pain, 2017, no. 3–4(54), pp.37–44.

13. Ru-Rong J., Temugin B., Maiken N. Glia and pain: Is chronic pain a gliopathy? Pain, 2013, vol. 154, pp. 10-28. doi: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.06.022

14. Loktionov A.L., Konoplya A.I., Lunyov M.A., Karaulov A.V. Immunnyye i oksidantnyye narusheniya v patogene-ze vospalitel'nykh zabolevaniy parodonta [Immune and oxidant disorders in the pathogenesis of inflammatory periodontium diseases] Immunologiya — Immunology. 2015, vol. 36, no. 5, pp. 319-328.