On the pathogenesis of epileptic seizures (review)
https://doi.org/10.34680/2076-8052.2023.2(131).223-233
Abstract
The review shows the statistics about the epilepsy morbidity in different countries, including Russia and its individual regions. We discuss various mechanisms of development of epileptic hyperexcitability of brain neurons. We summarize the knowledge about the role of ion imbalance, transmitters, neurochemical disorders in the epileptic activity development, both acquired and hereditary, including the significance of molecular genetic alterations, namely mutations and epigenetic mechanisms that together cause pathological changes in the membrane potential of brain neurons. The article highlights the causes and mechanisms of development of membrane channelopathy and transmembrane ion transport disorders, which underlie changes in the electrophysiological properties of neurons. The article provides information from Russian and foreign literature about the significance of immunological and cytokine shifts in the pathogenesis of epileptic hyperexcitability of neurons in different parts of the brain.
About the Authors
G. A. Afanasyeva
V. I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of RF
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Afanasyeva G. A.,
Saratov.
Е. V. Shchetinin
Stavropol State Medical University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Shchetinin Е. V.,
Sttavropol.
A. V. Fisun
V. I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of RF
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Fisun A. V.,
Saratov.
Е. А. Dmitrienko
V. I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of RF
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Dmitrienko Е. А.,
Saratov.
References
1. Эпилепсия и эпилептический статус у взрослых и детей: клинические рекомендации / Всероссийское общество неврологов, Ассоциация нейрохирургов России, Ассоциация специалистов по клинической нейрофизиологии, Российская Противоэпилептическая Лига, Союз реабилитологов России. 2021. 225 с. URL: https://эпилепсия56.рф/storage/app/uploads/public/61f/7f6/c24/61f7f6c24fdf6635218932.pdf (Дата обращения: 15.12.2022).
2. Epilepsy: a public health imperative: summary // World Health Organization: WHO Documentation Centre in Russia Based on the Central Public Health research Institute Of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. Geneva, 2019. 171 p. URL: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/325440 (Дата обращения: 25.02.2023).
3. Общая заболеваемость взрослого населения России в 2016 году: статистические материалы. Ч. IV. // Министерство здравоохранения Российской Федерации: официальный сайт. URL: https://minzdrav.gov.ru/ministry/61/22/stranitsa-979/statisticheskie-i-informatsionnye-materialy/statisticheskiy-sbornik-2016-god (Дата обращения: 04.01.2023).
4. Орипова Ш. Б., Касимова С. А., Абдукадиров У. Т. Сочетание когнитивных и эмоциональных нарушений при эпилепсии // Re-health journal. 2020. 3-2. 85-88. DOI: 10.24411/2181-0443
5. Одинцова Г. В., Банникова В. Д. Эпилепсия и COVID-19: предикторы положительного исхода у пациентов с эпилепсией (на основе анализа клинического наблюдения) // Трансляционная медицина. 2021. 8(3). 22–28. DOI: 10.18705/2311-4495.
6. Адамбаев З. И., Матчанов О. А., Киличев И. А., Исмаилова М. О. Особенности симптоматической эпилепсии в регионе приаралья // Евразийский вестник педиатрии. 2020. 4(7). 8-14.
7. Fernandez-Baca Vaca G., Park Jun T. Focal EEG abnormalities and focal ictal semiology in generalized epilepsy // European Journal of Epilepsy. 2020. 77. 7-14. DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure
8. Tran S., Mathon B., Morcos-Sauvain E., Lerond J., Navarro V., Bielle F. Neuropathology of Epilepsy // Annales de Pathologie. 2020. 40(6). 447-460. DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2020.08.001
9. Afanasyeva G. A., Fisun A. V., Shchetinin E. V. The epigenetic mechanisms in epilepsy. Paradigm shift in seizure prevention and treatment // Medical News of North Caucasus. 2022. 17(4). 439-444. DOI: 10.14300/mnnc.2022.17107
10. Guerrini R., Balestrini S., Wirrell E. C., Walker M. C. Monogenic epilepsies: disease mechanisms, clinical phenotypes, and targeted therapies // Neurology. 2021. 97(17). 817-831. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000012744
11. Conboy K., Henshall D. C., Brennan G. P. Epigenetic principles underlying epileptogenesis and epilepsy syndromes // Neurobiology of Disease. 2021. 148. 105179. DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105179
12. Bartolini E., Campostrini R., Kiferle L., Pradella S., Rosati E., Chinthapalli K., Palumbo P. Epilepsy and brain channelopathies from infancy to adulthood // Neurological Sciences. 2020. 41(4). 749-761. DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-04190-x
13. Ruiz M. de Lera, Kraus R. L. Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels: Structure, Function, Pharmacology, and Clinical Indications // Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2015. 58(18). 7093-7118. DOI: 10.1021/jm501981g
14. Masnada S., Hedrich Ulrike B. S., Gardella E., Schubert J., Kaiwar C., Klee E. W., Lanpher B. C., Gavrilova H. R., Synofzik M., Bast T., Gorman K., King M. D., Allen N. M., Conroy J., Zeev B. B., Tzadok M., Korff C. , Dubois F., Ramsey K., Narayanan V., Serratosa J. M., Giraldez B. G., Helbig I., Marsh E., O'Brien M., Bergqvist C. A., Binelli A., Porter B., Zaeyen E., Horovitz D., Wolff M., Marjanovic D., Caglayan H. S., Arslan M., Pena S. D. J., Sisodiya S. M., Balestrini S., SyrbeS., Veggiotti P., Lemke J. R., Møller R. S., Lerche H., Rubboli G. Clinical spectrum and genotype-phenotype associations of KCNA2-related encephalopathies // Brain. 2017. 140(9). 2337-2354. DOI: 10.1093/brain/awx184
15. Rajakulendran S., Hanna M. G. The Role of Calcium Channels in Epilepsy // Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine. 2016. 6(1). a022723. DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a022723
16. Dalmau J., Fleishman A. J., Hughes E. G., Rossi J. E., Peng X., Lai M., Dessain S. K., Rosenfeld M. R., Balice-Gordon R., Lynch D. R. Anti-NMDA-receptor encephalitis: case series and analysis of the effects of antibodies // The Lancet Neurology. 2008. 7(12). 1091-1098. DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422(08)70224-2
17. Feng Wei, Li-Min Yan, Tao Su, Na He, Zhi-Jian Lin, Jie Wang, Yi-Wu Shi, Yong-Hong Yi, Wei-Ping Liao. Ion Channel Genes and Epilepsy: Functional Alteration, Pathogenic Potential, and Mechanism of Epilepsy // Neuroscience Bulletin. 2017. 33(4). 455-477. DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0134-1
18. Steriade C., Titulaer M. J., Vezzani A., Sander J. W., Thijs R. D. The association between systemic autoimmune disorders and epilepsy and its clinical implications // Brain. 2021. 144(2). 372-390. DOI: 10.1093/brain/awaa362
19. Кузнецова Л. В., Ветрилэ Л. А., Карпова М. Н. Некоторые нейроиммунные механизмы в патогенезе эпилепсии // Патогенез. 2014. 12(2). 11-21.
20. Karakas E., Furukawa H. Crystal structure of a heterotetrameric NMDA receptor ion channel // Science. 2014. 344(6187). 992-997. DOI: 10.1126/science.1251915
21. Tovar K. R., McGinley M. J., Westbrook G. L. Triheteromeric NMDA receptors at hippocampal synapses // Journal of Neuroscience. 2013. 33(21). 9150-9160. DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0829
22. Li G., Bauer S., Nowak M., Norwood B., Tackenberg B., Rosenow F., Knake S., Oertel W. H., Hamer H. M. Cytokines and epilepsy // Seizure. 2011. 20(3). 249–256. DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure
23. Hu S., Sheng W. S., Ehrlich L. C., Peterson K., Chao C. Cytokine effects on glutamate uptake by human astrocytes // Neuroimmunomodul. 2000. 7(3). 153-159. DOI: 10.1159/000026433
24. Sayyah M., Beheshti S., Shokrgozar M. A., Eslami-far A., Deljoo Z., Khabiri A. R., Rohani A. H. Antiepileptogenic and anticonvulsant activity of interleukin-1 beta in amygdala-kindled rats // Experimental Neurology. 2005. 191(1). 145-153. DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2004.08.032
Review
For citations:
Afanasyeva G.A., Shchetinin Е.V., Fisun A.V., Dmitrienko Е.А. On the pathogenesis of epileptic seizures (review). Title in english. 2023;(2(131)):223-233. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.34680/2076-8052.2023.2(131).223-233
Views:
66
Email this article 