<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnovsu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Новгородского государственного университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik of Novgorod State University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-8052</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34680/2076-8052.2025.2(140).323-331</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnovsu-385</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ЛАБОРАТОРНАЯ ДИАГНОСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CLINICAL LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Диагностика метаболического синдрома в педиатрической практике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in pediatric practice</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5288-9088</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларина</surname><given-names>Н. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Larina</surname><given-names>N. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ларина Наталья Геннадьевна – кандидат медицинских наук, исполняющий обязанности заведующего кафедрой.</p><p>Великий Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veliky Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">natalya.larina@novsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2526-5521</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудрявцев</surname><given-names>К. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudryavtsev</surname><given-names>K. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кудрявцев Кирилл Евгеньевич – студент.</p><p>Великий Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veliky Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">s244949@std.novsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2440-1597</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сеченева</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Secheneva</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сеченева Людмила Владимировна – кандидат медицинских наук, доцент.</p><p>Великий Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veliky Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">lyudmila.secheneva@novsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7484-2282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ларин</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Larin</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ларин Дмитрий Владимирович – заведующий отделением, Областная детская клиническая больница.</p><p>Великий Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veliky Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dilar76@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого; Областная детская клиническая больница</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University; Regional children's clinical hospital</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2(140)</issue><fpage>323</fpage><lpage>331</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ларина Н.Г., Кудрявцев К.Е., Сеченева Л.В., Ларин Д.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ларина Н.Г., Кудрявцев К.Е., Сеченева Л.В., Ларин Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Larina N.G., Kudryavtsev K.E., Secheneva L.V., Larin D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnovsu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/385">https://vestnovsu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/385</self-uri><abstract><p>Ожирение и метаболический синдром в детской популяции являются актуальной проблемой современной педиатрической науки. Данная патология несет в себе краткосрочные и долгосрочные проблемы. При этом раннее выявление и лечение, как правило, нивелируют серьезные проблемы в отношении здоровья, так как первоначально они носят функциональный характер. В статье рассмотрены распространенность и кардинальные симптомы метаболического синдрома в педиатрической практике, актуальность рассматриваемого вопроса освещена с позиций мирового опыта. Симптомокомплекс метаболического синдрома сочетает в себе ожирение по абдоминальному типу, артериальную гипертензию, нарушенный липидный спектр и инсулинорезистентность. Наличие данных метаболических нарушений повышают риск развития заболеваний сердца и сахарного диабета II типа. Авторы делают заключение, что разноуровневый подход, начиная с профилактических мероприятий в первичном медицинском звене, до лечебных – в специализированных центрах и стационарах, включающих как медицинские, так и образовательные мероприятия, могут эффективно помогать таким пациентам. Раннее выявление компонентов метаболического синдрома у детей позволяет снизить заболеваемость и смертность в будущем.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Obesity and metabolic syndrome in the pediatric population are an urgent problem of modern pediatric science. This pathology carries short-term and long-term problems. At the same time, early detection and treatment, as a rule, neutralize serious health problems, since they are initially functional in nature. The article discusses the prevalence, cardinal symptoms of metabolic syndrome in pediatric practice, the relevance of the issue under consideration is highlighted from the standpoint of world experience. The symptom complex of metabolic syndrome combines abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, impaired lipid spectrum and insulin resistance. The presence of these metabolic disorders increases the risk of developing heart disease and type 2 diabetes. The authors conclude that a multi-level approach, starting with preventive measures in primary care, to therapeutic ones in specialized centers and hospitals, including both medical and educational activities, can effectively help such patients. Early detection of metabolic syndrome components in children can reduce future morbidity and mortality.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>метаболический синдром</kwd><kwd>дети</kwd><kwd>подростки</kwd><kwd>абдоминальное ожирение</kwd><kwd>дислипидемия</kwd><kwd>артериальная гипертензия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>metabolic syndrome</kwd><kwd>children</kwd><kwd>adolescents</kwd><kwd>abdominal obesity</kwd><kwd>dyslipidemia</kwd><kwd>arterial hypertension</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cvetković B., Cvetković M., Petrušič T., Đorđić V., Bubanj S., Popović B., Andrašić S., Buišić S., Bogataj Š. Nutrition and physical activity behavior in 11–14-year-old schoolchildren in Serbia // Children (Basel). 2021. 8 (8). 625. DOI: 10.3390/children8080625</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cvetković B., Cvetković M., Petrušič T., Đorđić V., Bubanj S., Popović B., Andrašić S., Buišić S., Bogataj Š. Nutrition and physical activity behavior in 11–14-year-old schoolchildren in Serbia // Children (Basel). 2021. 8 (8). 625. DOI: 10.3390/children8080625</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Альмуханова А. Б., Раисова А. Е., Зайнутдинова Н. Р., Зинбай Ф. А. Распространенность метаболического синдрома у детей и подростков (обзор литературы) // Вестник Казахского национального медицинского университета. 2021. 1. 78–80.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almukhanova A. B., Raisova A. E., Zainutdinova N. R., Zinbai F. A. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents (literature review) // Bulletin of KazNMU. 2021. 1. 78–80. DOI: 10.53065/kaznmu.2021.92.14.018 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Самошкина Е. С., Балыкова, Л. А., Широкова А. А., Краснопольская А. В., Солдатов О. М., Урзяева Л. Н. Метаболический синдром у детей и подростков: современное состояние проблемы // Педиатрия. Журнал им. Г. Н. Сперанского. 2022. 101 (6). 138–145. DOI: 10.24110/0031-403X-2022-101-6-138-145</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Samoshkina E. S., Balykova, L. A., Shirokova A. A., Krasnopolskaya A. V., Soldatov O. M., Urzyaeva L. N. Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: the current state of the problem // Pediatria. Journal named after G. N. Speransky. 2022. 101 (6). 138–145. DOI: 10.24110/0031-403X-2022-101-6-138-145 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Павлова А. А., Ключников С. О., Тарасова М. С., Фещенко В. С., Жолинский А. В., Парастаев С. А. Метаболический синдром: риски в детско-юношеском спорте // Медицина экстремальных ситуаций. 2023. 25 (2) 33–40. DOI: 10.47183/mes.2023.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pavlova A. A., Klyuchnikov S. O., Tarasova M. S., Feshchenko V. S., Zholinsky A. V., Parastaev S. A. Metabolic syndrome: risks in children's and youth sports // Medicine of extreme situations. 2023. 2. 33–39. DOI: 10.47183/mes.2023.014 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reaven G. M. Banting lecture. Role of insulin resistance in human disease // Diabetes. 1988. 37 (12). 1595–1607. DOI: 10.2337/diab.37.12.1595</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reaven G. M. Banting lecture. Role of insulin resistance in human disease // Diabetes. 1988. 37 (12). 1595–1607. DOI: 10.2337/diab.37.12.1595</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Atlas of Childhood Obesity. World Obesity Federation (WOF). London, 2019.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Atlas of Childhood Obesity. World Obesity Federation (WOF). London UK, 2019.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jebeile H., Kelly A. S., O’Malley G., Baur L. A. Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology, causes, assessment, and management // Lancet diabetes and endocrinology. 2022. 10 (5). 351–365. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00047-X</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jebeile H., Kelly A. S., O’Malley G., Baur L. A. Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology, causes, assessment, and management // Lancet diabetes and endocrinology. 2022. 10 (5). 351–365. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00047-X</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai J., Zhao Y., Wang J., Wang L. Influencing factors of children’s physical activity in family // BMC public health. 2022. 22 (1). 787. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13235-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai J., Zhao Y., Wang J., Wang L. Influencing factors of children’s physical activity in family // BMC public health. 2022. 22 (1). 787. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13235-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Захарова И. Н., Малявская С. И., Творогова Т. М., Васильева С. В., Дмитриева Ю. А., Пшеничникова И. И. Метаболический синдром у детей и подростков. Определение. Критерии диагностики // Медицинский совет. 2016. 16. 103–109. DOI: 10.21518/2079-701X-2016-16-103-109</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharova I. N., Malyavskaya S. I., Tvorogova T. M., Vasilyeva S. V., Dmitrieva Yu. A., Pshenichnikova I. I. Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents // Medical advice. 2016. 16. 103–109. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leister K. R., Cilhoroz B. T., Rosenberg J., Brown E. C., Kim J. Y. Metabolic syndrome: operational definitions and aerobic and resistance training benefits on physical and metabolic health in children and adolescents // Diabetes and metabolic syndrome. 2022. 16 (6). 102530. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102530</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leister K. R., Cilhoroz B. T., Rosenberg J., Brown E. C., Kim J. Y. Metabolic syndrome: operational definitions and aerobic and resistance training benefits on physical and metabolic health in children and adolescents // Diabetes and metabolic syndrome. 2022. 16 (6). 102530. DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102530</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дюсупова А., Дюсупова Б., Дюсупов А., Еспенбетова М., Абылхаиров К., Оспанова А., Омарова Г. Ранняя диагностика метаболического синдрома у детей и подростков города Семей // Наука и здравоохранение. 2018. 20 (2). 42–53. DOI: 10.34689/SH.2018.20.2.004</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dusupova A., Dusupova B., Dusupov A., Espenbetova M., Abylkhairov K., Ospanova A., Omarova G. Early diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents in the city of Semey // Science and Healthcare. 2018. 20 (2). 42–53. DOI: 10.34689/SH.2018.20.2.004 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бокова Т. А., Карташова Д. А., Бевз А. С., Бокова О. А. Метаболический синдром у детей: алгоритмы диагностических и лечебно-профилактических мероприятий // Экспериментальная и клиническая гастроэнтерология. 2022. 202 (6). 19–26. DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-202-6-19-26</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bokova T. A., Kartashova D. A., Bevz A. S., Bokova O. A. Metabolic syndrome in children: algorithms for diagnostic and therapeutic measures // Experimental and clinical gastroenterology. 2022. 202 (6). 19–26. DOI: 10.31146/1682-8658-ecg-202-6-19-26 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Сибирская Е. В., Караченцова И. В., Кандыков Е. В., Зиборова В. Р. Метаболический синдром у подростков // Эффективная фармакотерапия. 2024. 20 (6). 52–55. DOI: 10.33978/2307-3586-2024-20-6-52-55</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sibirskaya E. V., Karachentsova I. V., Kandykov E. V., Ziborova V. R. Metabolic syndrome in adolescents // Effective pharmacotherapy. 2024. 20 (6). 52–55. DOI: 10.33978/2307-3586-2024-20-6-52-55 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Reisinger C., Nkeh-Chungag B. N., Fredriksen P. M., Goswami N. The prevalence of pediatric metabolic syndrome-a critical look on the discrepancies between definitions and its clinical importance // International journal of obesity. 2021. 45 (1). 12–24. DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00713-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Reisinger C., Nkeh-Chungag B. N., Fredriksen P. M., Goswami N. The prevalence of pediatric metabolic syndrome-a critical look on the discrepancies between definitions and its clinical importance // International journal of obesity. 2021. 45 (1). 12–24. DOI: 10.1038/s41366-020-00713-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Дадаева В. А., Александров А. А., Драпкина О. М. Профилактика ожирения у детей и подростков // Профилактическая медицина. 2020. 23 (1). 142–147. DOI: 10.17116/profmed202023011142</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dadaeva V. A., Alexandrov A. A., Drapkina O. M. Prevention of obesity in children and adolescents // Preventive medicine. 2020. 23 (1). 142–147. DOI: 10.17116/profmed202023011142 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Альмуханова А. Б., Раисова А. Е., Зайнутдинова Н. Р., Зинбай Ф. А. Предикторы развития метаболического синдрома среди подростков // Вестник Казахского национального медицинского университета. 2021. 1. 81–85. DOI: 10.53065/kaznmu.2021.67.68.019</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almukhanova A. B., Raisova A. E., Zainutdinova N. R., Zinbai F. A. Predictors of the development of metabolic syndrome among adolescents // Bulletin of KazNMU. 2021. 1. 81–85. DOI: 10.53065/kaznmu.2021.67.68.019 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jankowska A., Brzeziński M., Romanowicz-Sołtyszewska A., Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz A. Metabolic syndrome in obese children-clinical prevalence and risk factors // International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021. 18 (3). 1060. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031060</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jankowska A., Brzeziński M., Romanowicz-Sołtyszewska A., Szlagatys-Sidorkiewicz A. Metabolic syndrome in obese children-clinical prevalence and risk factors // International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021. 18 (3). 1060. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18031060</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aalemi A. K., Hamdard A. G., Chen H. Association of metabolic syndrome with pediatric psoriasis: a case-control study in Kabul, Afghanistan // International journal of dermatology. 2020. 59 (4). 451–456. DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14805</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aalemi A. K., Hamdard A. G., Chen H. Association of metabolic syndrome with pediatric psoriasis: a case-control study in Kabul, Afghanistan // International journal of dermatology. 2020. 59 (4). 451–456. DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14805</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Scudiero O., Pero R., Ranieri A., Terracciano D., Fimiani F., Cesaro A., Gentile L., Leggiero E., Laneri S., Moscarella E., Mazzaccara C., Frisso G., D'Alicandro G., Limongelli G., Pastore L., Calabrò P., Lombardo B. Childhood obesity: an overview of laboratory medicine, exercise and microbiome // Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine. 2020. 58 (9). 1385–1406. DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0789</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Scudiero O., Pero R., Ranieri A., Terracciano D., Fimiani F., Cesaro A., Gentile L., Leggiero E., Laneri S., Moscarella E., Mazzaccara C., Frisso G., D'Alicandro G., Limongelli G., Pastore L., Calabrò P., Lombardo B. Childhood obesity: an overview of laboratory medicine, exercise and microbiome // Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine. 2020. 58 (9). 1385–1406. DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2019-0789</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Буракова Л. Н., Николенко М. В., Школьникова М. Н., Рожнов Е. Д., Плотников Д. А. Влияние фактора питания на развитие метаболического синдрома // Ползуновский вестник. 2024. 3. 82–89. DOI: 10.25712/ASTU.2072-8921.2024.03.012</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Burakova L. N., Nikolenko M. V., Shkolnikova M. N., Rozhnov E. D., Plotnikov D. A. The influence of nutrition factor on the development of metabolic syndrome // Polzunovsky bulletin. 2024. 3. 82–89. DOI: 10.25712/ASTU.2072-8921.2024.03.012 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bitew Z. W., Alemu A., Ayele E. G., Tenaw Z., Alebel A., Worku T. Metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents in low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta–analysis // Diabetology and metabolic syndrome. 12. 93. DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00601-8</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bitew Z. W., Alemu A., Ayele E. G., Tenaw Z., Alebel A., Worku T. Metabolic syndrome among children and adolescents in low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta–analysis // Diabetology and metabolic syndrome. 12. 93. DOI: 10.1186/s13098-020-00601-8</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
