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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnovsu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Новгородского государственного университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik of Novgorod State University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-8052</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34680/2076-8052.2025.1(139).108-122</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnovsu-366</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА КОНДЕНСИРОВАННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Динамика частиц, взаимодействующих посредством скалярного поля</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Dynamics of particles interacting by means of a scalar field</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0745-7807</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубков</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubkov</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зубков Виктор Викторович – кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Zubkov.VV@tversu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-2157-9394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Майфат</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mayfat</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Майфат Денис Александрович – студент</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mayfatina_of@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4368-4783</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубкова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubkova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зубкова Анна Владимировна – кандидат физико-математических наук, доцент</p><p>Тверь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tver</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrenko.anya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тверской государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tver State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тверской государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tver State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1(139)</issue><fpage>108</fpage><lpage>122</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зубков В.В., Майфат Д.А., Зубкова А.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зубков В.В., Майфат Д.А., Зубкова А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zubkov V.V., Mayfat D.A., Zubkova A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnovsu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/366">https://vestnovsu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/366</self-uri><abstract><p>На основе лагранжевого описания системы частиц и поля получен закон изменения энергии системы точечных частиц, взаимодействующих друг с другом посредством составного скалярного поля Клейна-Фока-Гордона. Движение частиц рассматривалось как нерелятивистское, в то время как динамика поля всегда существенно релятивистская по своей природе. Показано, что в рамках модели независимых скалярных полей полная энергия частиц за время эволюции системы убывает. Также получен закон изменения свойственной классической механике полной механической энергии системы частиц. В качестве примера рассмотрены типичные для модели простых жидкостей и газов устойчивые по критерию Добрушина-Рюэля-Фишера двойные потенциалы Юкавы. Показано, что для таких физически реалистичных потенциалов скорость изменения механической энергии частиц отрицательна. Обсуждены связанные с проведенным исследованием вопросы фундаментального характера, такие как явление необратимости и обоснование распределений Гиббса.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>On the basis of the Lagrangian description of the system of particles and the field, the law of energy change of a system of point particles interacting with each other by means of a composite Klein-Fock-Gordon scalar field is obtained. The motion of particles was considered as nonrelativistic, while the field dynamics is always essentially relativistic in nature. It is shown that within the model of independent scalar fields the total energy of particles for the evolutionary time of the system decreases. Also the law of change of the total mechanical energy of the system of particles peculiar to classical mechanics is obtained. As an example, the double Yukawa potentials, typical for the model of simple liquids and gases, which are stable according to the Dobrushin-Ruel-Fisher criterion, are considered. It is shown that for such physically realistic potentials the rate of change of mechanical energy of particles is negative. Fundamental issues related to the research carried out, such as the phenomenon of irreversibility and the justification of Gibbs distributions, are discussed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>классическая релятивистская динамика</kwd><kwd>запаздывающие взаимодействия</kwd><kwd>уравнение Клейна-Фока-Гордона</kwd><kwd>явление необратимости</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>classical relativistic dynamics</kwd><kwd>retarded interactions</kwd><kwd>Klein-Gordon-Fock equation</kwd><kwd>the phenomenon of irreversibility</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Боголюбов Н. Н. Собрание научных трудов: в 12 томах. Т. 5: Неравновесная статистическая механика, 1939–1980 / под ред. Н. М. Плакиды, А. Д. Суханова. Москва: Наука, 2006. 804 c.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bogolyubov N. N. Collection of scientific works: in 12 vols. 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