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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnovsu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Новгородского государственного университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik of Novgorod State University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-8052</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34680/2076-8052.2025.1(139).91-99</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnovsu-364</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФИЗИКА КОНДЕНСИРОВАННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Классическая релятивистская динамика системы взаимодействующих атомов: Гамильтонова форма</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Classical relativistic dynamics of a system of interacting atoms: Hamiltonian form</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7850-0086</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Захаров</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zakharov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Захаров Анатолий Юльевич – доктор физико-математических наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>Великий Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Veliky Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Anatoly.Zakharov@novsu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Yaroslav-the-Wice Novgorod State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>1(139)</issue><fpage>91</fpage><lpage>99</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Захаров А.Ю., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Захаров А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zakharov A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnovsu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/364">https://vestnovsu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/364</self-uri><abstract><p>Работа содержит обобщение нерелятивистской классической гамильтоновой динамики системы взаимодействующих частиц на случай релятивистский теории. Взаимодействие между атомами учитывается в рамках концепции ковариантного вспомогательного поля, которое только в нерелятивистском пределе эквивалентно мгновенным межатомным потенциалам. Установлено, что вспомогательное поле является суперпозицией элементарных полей, каждое из которых удовлетворяет уравнениям типа Клейна-Гордона-Фока. Представлены вещественная и комплексная формы релятивистского гамильтониана системы взаимодействующих частиц с учётом полевых степеней свободы. Гамильтониан содержит три вклада, соответствующие свободным частицам, свободным полям типа Клейна-Гордона-Фока и взаимодействиям между частицами и полями. Исходя из вариационной постановки задач релятивистской молекулярной динамики, получена точная замкнутая релятивистская система уравнений, описывающая эволюцию системы атомов и вспомогательного поля в рамках гамильтоновой картины. Выполнен анализ качественных свойств решений уравнений динамики системы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper contains a generalization of the nonrelativistic classical Hamiltonian dynamics of a system of interacting particles to the case of a relativistic theory. The interaction between atoms is taken into account within the concept of a covariant auxiliary field, which is equivalent to instantaneous interatomic potentials only in the nonrelativistic limit. It is established that the auxiliary field is a superposition of elementary fields, each of which satisfies the Klein-Gordon-Fock type equations. The real and complex forms of the relativistic Hamiltonian of a system of interacting particles are presented, taking into account the field degrees of freedom. The Hamiltonian contains three contributions corresponding to free particles, free fields of the Klein-GordonFock type, and interactions between particles and fields. Based on the variational formulation of problems of relativistic molecular dynamics, an exact closed relativistic system of equations is obtained, describing the evolution of a system of atoms and an auxiliary field within the framework of the Hamiltonian picture. An analysis of the qualitative properties of solutions of the equations of the system's dynamics is performed.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>межатомные потенциалы</kwd><kwd>концепция вспомогательного поля</kwd><kwd>классическая релятивистская динамика</kwd><kwd>гамильтониан</kwd><kwd>канонические уравнения</kwd><kwd>уравнение Клейна-ГордонаФока</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>interatomic potentials</kwd><kwd>classical relativistic dynamics</kwd><kwd>retarded interactions</kwd><kwd>the phenomenon of irreversibility</kwd><kwd>Klein-Gordon-Fock equation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zakharov A. Yu. On the microscopic origin of thermodynamics and kinetics. Status and prospects // Physics Letters A. 2025. 534 (11). 130227-130227. DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2025.130227</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zakharov A. 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