<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vestnovsu</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Вестник Новгородского государственного университета</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Vestnik of Novgorod State University</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2076-8052</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Новгородский государственный университет имени Ярослава Мудрого</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.34680/2076-8052.2024.2(136).191-201</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vestnovsu-300</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Анатомия человека</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Human anatomy</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Описание редкого случая отхождения аберрантной левой позвоночной артерии от дуги аорты с морфометрическим анализом брахиоцефальных артерий</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Description of a rare case of aberrant left vertebral artery branching off from the aortic arch with morphometric analysis of brachiocephalic arteries</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0821-847X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мурашов</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Murashov</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Мурашов Олег Васильевич – старший преподаватель</p><p>Псков</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pskov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ps60rus@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8238-9491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванова</surname><given-names>Н. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanova</surname><given-names>N. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иванова Наталья Владимировна – доктор медицинских наук, профессор</p><p>Псков</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pskov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zdravuniver@inbox.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9495-1855</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ищенко</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ishchenko</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ищенко Ольга Сергеевна – студент</p><p>Псков</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pskov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">satutoru1009@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7092-0553</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Луппо</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Luppo</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Луппо Марьяна Дмитриевна – студент</p><p>Псков</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pskov</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">meri856226@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Псковский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Pskov State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>07</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2(136)</issue><fpage>191</fpage><lpage>201</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Мурашов О.В., Иванова Н.В., Ищенко О.С., Луппо М.Д., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Мурашов О.В., Иванова Н.В., Ищенко О.С., Луппо М.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Murashov O.V., Ivanova N.V., Ishchenko O.S., Luppo M.D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://vestnovsu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/300">https://vestnovsu.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/300</self-uri><abstract><p>Индивидуальная изменчивость или вариантная анатомия наиболее часто встречается у кровеносных сосудов, среди которых следует выделить брахиоцефальные артерии. В статье приводится случай обнаружения одной из таких вариаций – аберрантной левой позвоночной артерии, отходящей от дуги аорты у 68-летнго пациента. Данная артерия была выявлена у него после проведенного исследования – КТ ангиографии дуги аорты и брахиоцефальных артерий по поводу выраженной у него вертебрально-базилярной недостаточности. При изучении ангиограммы, авторами был проведен морфометрический анализ всех ветвей, отходящих от дуги аорты. Результатом проведенного исследования явилось обнаружение дуги аорты с четырьмя ветвями вместо трёх, согласно классической анатомии. Дополнительной ветвью дуги аорты была аберрантная VS. По результатам морфометрии определялся стеноз данной артерии, при этом диаметр одноименной артерии на противоположной стороне соответствовал нормальному показателю. Все другие брахиоцефальные артерии TB, CCS, SS и ветви плечеголовного ствола (CCD и SD) имели диаметр значительно ниже допустимых нормальных значений, что также указывало на их сужение и характерные признаки субокклюзии. Стенозированная аберрантная VS у пациента с другими выраженными патологически изменёнными брахиоцефальными артерий, способствовала проявлению клинике вертебрально-базилярной недостаточности.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Individual variability or variant anatomy is most common in blood vessels, among which brachiocephalic arteries should be distinguished. The article presents a case of the detection of one of these variations – an aberrant left vertebral artery branching off from the aortic arch in a 68-year-old patient. This artery was identified in him after a CT scan of the aortic arch and brachiocephalic arteries for pronounced vertebral-basilar insufficiency. In studying the angiogram, the authors carried out a morphometric analysis of all arteries branching off from the aortic arch.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>вариантная анатомия</kwd><kwd>дуга аорты</kwd><kwd>брахиоцефальные артерии</kwd><kwd>аберрантная левая позвоночная артерия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>variant anatomy</kwd><kwd>aortic arch</kwd><kwd>brachiocephalic arteries</kwd><kwd>aberrant left vertebral artery</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pandalai U., Pillay M., Moorthy S., Sukumaran T. T., Ramakrishman S., Gopalakrishnan A., Krishnan A., Pllay A. K. G. Anatomical Variations of the Aortic Arch: A Computerized Tomography-Based Study // Cureus. 2021. 13 (2). e13115. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13115</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pandalai U., Pillay M., Moorthy S., Sukumaran T. T., Ramakrishman S., Gopalakrishnan A., Krishnan A., Pllay A. K. G. Anatomical Variations of the Aortic Arch: A Computerized Tomography-Based Study // Cureus. 2021. 13 (2). e13115. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.13115</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Einstein E. H., Song L. H., Villela N. L. A., Fasani-Felberg G. B., Jacobs J. L., Kim D. O. Nathawat A., Patel D., Bender R. B., Peters D. F. Anomalous origin of left vertebral artery from the aortic arch // Aorta (Stamford). 2016. 4 (2). 64-67. DOI: 10.12945/j.aorta.2015.15.022</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Einstein E. H., Song L. H., Villela N. L. A., Fasani-Felberg G. B., Jacobs J. L., Kim D. O. Nathawat A., Patel D., Bender R. B., Peters D. F. Anomalous origin of left vertebral artery from the aortic arch // Aorta (Stamford). 2016. 4 (2). 64-67. DOI: 10.12945/j.aorta.2015.15.022</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Калиниченко В. М., Благонравова И. О. Редкий вариант развития и строения дуги аорты и ее ветвей // Морфология. 2009. 136 (44). 69a.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalinichenko V. M., Blagonravova I. O. Redkiy variant razvitiya i stroyeniya dugi aorty i yeye vetvey [A rare variant of the aortic arch and its branches development and structure] // Morphology. 2009. 136 (44). 69a.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alsaif H. A., Ramadan W. S. An anatomical study of the aortic arch variations // Journal of King Abdulaziz University-medical Sciences. 2010. 17 (2). 37-54. DOI: 10.4197/Med.17-2.4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alsaif H. A., Ramadan W. S. An anatomical study of the aortic arch variations // Journal of King Abdulaziz University-medical Sciences. 2010. 17 (2). 37-54. DOI: 10.4197/Med.17-2.4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Книга В. В., Бирюкбаева Г. Н., Кузьмина А. Ю. Распространённость гипоплазии позвоночной артерии и её клиническая значимость у пилотов старшей возрастной группы // Лечащий врач. 2016. 7. 28-32.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kniga V. V., Biryukbaeva G.N., Kuzmina A.Yu. Rasprostranonnost' gipoplazii pozvonochnoy arterii i yeyo klinicheskaya znachimost' u pilotov starshey vozrastnoy gruppy [The prevalence and clinical significance of vertebral artery hypoplasia in pilots of older age groups] // Lechaschi Vrach. 2016. 7. 28-32.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Граудина В. Е., Зульфигарова Б. Т., Костина И. В., Аушева Ф. И., Ботез Л. С. Аномалия развития ветвей дуги аорты с полным STEAL-синдромом: клинический случай редкой диагностической находки // Международный журнал сердца и сосудистых заболеваний. 2022. 10 (33). 39-46. DOI: 10.24412/2311-1623-202233-39-46</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Graudina V. E., Zulfigarova B. T., Kostina I. V., Ausheva F. I., Botez L. S. Anomaliya razvitiya vetvey dugi aorty s polnym STEAL-sindromom: klinicheskiy sluchay redkoy diagnosticheskoy nakhodki [A rare case of aortic arch anomaly with subclavian steal syndrome] // International Heart and Vascular Disease Journal. 2022. 10 (33). 39-46. DOI: 10.24412/2311-1623-202233-39-46</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shin I.-Y., Chung Y.-G., Shin W.-H., Im S.-B., Hwang S.-C., Kim B.-T. A morphometric study on cadaveric aortic arch and its major branches in 25 Korean adults: the perspective of endovascular surgery // Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society. 2008. 44 (2). 78-83. DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2008.44.2.78</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shin I.-Y., Chung Y.-G., Shin W.-H., Im S.-B., Hwang S.-C., Kim B.-T. A morphometric study on cadaveric aortic arch and its major branches in 25 Korean adults: the perspective of endovascular surgery // Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society. 2008. 44 (2). 78-83. DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2008.44.2.78</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кан И. В., Самотёсов П. А., Левенец А. А. Конституциональные особенности строения магистральных сосудов шеи мужчин // Сибирское медицинское обозрение. 2011. 68 (2). 51-54.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kan I. V., Samotesov P. A., Levenets A. A. Konstitutsional'nyye osobennosti stroyeniya magistral'nykh sosudov shei muzhchin [Structural peculiarities of main blood vessels in the neck of males] // Siberian medical review. 2011. 68 (2). 51-54.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Barral J-P., Croibier A. Visceral Vascular Manipulations. Oxford: Churchill Livingstone Elsetvier, 2011. 269 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Barral J-P., Croibier A. Visceral Vascular Manipulations. Oxford: Churchill Livingstone Elsetvier, 2011. 269 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Junagade B., Mukherjee A. The morphometric study of the normal and variant branching pattern of the Aortic arch by cadaveric dissection // International Journal of medical research review. 2015. 3 (5). 461-469. DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2015.i5.090</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Junagade B., Mukherjee A. The morphometric study of the normal and variant branching pattern of the Aortic arch by cadaveric dissection // International Journal of medical research review. 2015. 3 (5). 461-469. DOI: 10.17511/ijmrr.2015.i5.090</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yousef S., Singh S., Alkukhun A., Alturkmani B., Mori M., Chen J., Mullan C. W., Brooks C. W., Assi R., Gruber P. J., Cortopassi I., Geirsson A., Vallabhajosyula P. Variants of the aortic arch in adult general population and their association with thoracic aortic aneurysm disease // Journal of Cardiac Surgery. 2021. 36 (7). 2348-2354. DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15563</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yousef S., Singh S., Alkukhun A., Alturkmani B., Mori M., Chen J., Mullan C. W., Brooks C. W., Assi R., Gruber P. J., Cortopassi I., Geirsson A., Vallabhajosyula P. Variants of the aortic arch in adult general population and their association with thoracic aortic aneurysm disease // Journal of Cardiac Surgery. 2021. 36 (7). 2348-2354. DOI: 10.1111/jocs.15563</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acar M., Ulusoy M., Zararsiz I., Efe D. Anatomical variations in the branching of human aortic arch // Biomedical research (India). 2013. 24 (4). 531-535.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acar M., Ulusoy M., Zararsiz I., Efe D. Anatomical variations in the branching of human aortic arch // Biomedical research (India). 2013. 24 (4). 531-535.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williams G. D., Edmonds H. W. Variations in the arrangement of the branches arising from the aortic arch in American whites and negroes // The Anatomical record. 1935. 62. 139-146. DOI: 10.1002/ar.1090620203</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williams G. D., Edmonds H. W. Variations in the arrangement of the branches arising from the aortic arch in American whites and negroes // The Anatomical record. 1935. 62. 139-146. DOI: 10.1002/ar.1090620203</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шаданов А. А., Сирота Д. А., Берген Т. А., Ляшенко М. М., Чернявский А. М. Анатомическая вариабельность строения дуги и грудного отдела аорты и её влияние на патологические состояния аорты // Патология кровообращения и кардиохирургия. 2020. 24 (4). 72-82. DOI: 10.21688/1681-3472-2020-4-72-82</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shadanov A.A., Sirota D.A., Bergen T.A., Lyashenko M.M., Chernyavskiy A.M. Anatomicheskaya variabel'nost' stroyeniya dugi i grudnogo otdela aorty i yeyo vliyaniye na patologicheskiye sostoyaniya aorty [Anatomical variability in the structure of the arch and thoracic aorta and its influence on aorta related pathological conditions] // Patologiya krovoobrashcheniya i kardiokhirurgiya = Circulation Pathology and Cardiac Surger. 2020. 24 (4). 72-82. DOI: 10.21688/1681-3472-2020-4-72-82</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pandian D. K., Radha K., Sundaravadhana K. V. K. Study on branching pattern of arch of aorta in South Indian population // International Journal of Anatomy and Research. 2014. 2 (4). 673-676. DOI: 16965|ijar.2014.522</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pandian D. K., Radha K., Sundaravadhana K. V. K. Study on branching pattern of arch of aorta in South Indian population // International Journal of Anatomy and Research. 2014. 2 (4). 673-676. DOI: 16965|ijar.2014.522</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Açar G., Çiçekcibaşı A. E., Uysal E., Koplay M. Anatomical variations of the aortic arch branching pattern using CT angiography: a proposal for a different morphological classification with clinical relevance // Anatomical Science International. 2022. 96 (1). 65-78. DOI: 10.1007/s12565-021-00627-6</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Açar G., Çiçekcibaşı A. E., Uysal E., Koplay M. Anatomical variations of the aortic arch branching pattern using CT angiography: a proposal for a different morphological classification with clinical relevance // Anatomical Science International. 2022. 96 (1). 65-78. DOI: 10.1007/s12565-021-00627-6</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Karacan A., Türkvatan А., Karacan К. Anatomical variations of aortic arch branching: evaluation with computed tomographic angiography // Саrdiology in the Young. 2014. 24 (3). 485-493. DOI: 10.1017/S1047951113000656</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Karacan A., Türkvatan А., Karacan К. Anatomical variations of aortic arch branching: evaluation with computed tomographic angiography // Саrdiology in the Young. 2014. 24 (3). 485-493. DOI: 10.1017/S1047951113000656</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Indumathi S., Sudha S., Rajila H.S.R. Aortic arch and variations in its branching pattern // Journal of clinical and diagnostic research. 2010. 4 (5). 3134-3143. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2010/.980</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Indumathi S., Sudha S., Rajila H.S.R. Aortic arch and variations in its branching pattern // Journal of clinical and diagnostic research. 2010. 4 (5). 3134-3143. DOI: 10.7860/JCDR/2010/.980</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ogengo’o J. A., Olabu B. O., Gatonga P. M., Munguti J. K. Branching pattern of aortic arch in a Kenyan population // Journal Morphological science. 2010. 27 (2). 51-55.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ogengo’o J. A., Olabu B. O., Gatonga P. M., Munguti J. K. Branching pattern of aortic arch in a Kenyan population // Journal Morphological science. 2010. 27 (2). 51-55.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rekha P., Senthilkumar S. A study on branching pattern of human aortic arch and its variations in South Indian population // Journal Morphological sciences. 2013. 30 (1). 11-15.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rekha P., Senthilkumar S. A study on branching pattern of human aortic arch and its variations in South Indian population // Journal Morphological sciences. 2013. 30 (1). 11-15.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bhatia K., Gabriel M.N., Henneberg M. Anatomical variations in the branches of the human aortic arch: a recent study of a south Australian population // Folia morphological (Wartz). 2005. 64 (3). 217-223.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bhatia K., Gabriel M.N., Henneberg M. Anatomical variations in the branches of the human aortic arch: a recent study of a south Australian population // Folia morphological (Wartz). 2005. 64 (3). 217-223.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Natsis K., Piagkou M., Lazaridis N., Kalamatianos T., Chytas D., Manatakis D., Anastasopoulos N., Loukas M. A systematic classiﬁcation of the left-sided aortic arch variants based on cadaveric studies’ prevalence // Surgical and Radoilogic Anatomy. 2021. 43 (3). 327-345. DOI: 10.1007/s00276-020-02625-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Natsis K., Piagkou M., Lazaridis N., Kalamatianos T., Chytas D., Manatakis D., Anastasopoulos N., Loukas M. A systematic classiﬁcation of the left-sided aortic arch variants based on cadaveric studies’ prevalence // Surgical and Radoilogic Anatomy. 2021. 43 (3). 327-345. DOI: 10.1007/s00276-020-02625-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
