The authors set their goal to study adjuvant therapy in the complex treatment of phthisiopulmonology patients based on the principles of domestic integrative physiology. At the forefront, there are both the physiological issue of the homeodynamic optimum of pro- and antioxidant balance and the issue of existing sulfur-containing antioxidant agents, based on which molecular sulfur shows its ambivalent abilities, namely, to act as a physiologically active donor and acceptor of free electrons. At the same time, the issue of imbalance becomes relevant as the leading cause of redox homeostasis disorders. In the approach taken, the authors discover grounds for putting forward the concept of meso-oxidants. The latter have as their main function the retaining of physiological redox homeostasis, through the constant maintenance of pro- and antioxidant equilibrium. In support of this conclusion, the authors make pharmacodynamic analysis of sulfur medicinal compounds; from the standpoint of integrative science, they provide physiological analogies; and (in relation to sulfur) they attract data from the history of medicine. The final conclusion and solution of the planned task is the recognition of the pharmacological substance acetylcysteine as a leading sulfur-containing meso-(anti)oxidant; and that aims the authors to carry out the second part of the plan that is experimental testing of the put forward scientific hypothesis.